Qualidade da educação superior e o PROUNI: limites e possibilidades de uma política de inclusão

Abstract

The investigation The Higher Education Quality and The Prouni: Limits and possibilities of a inclusion policy integrated the Observatory Project of Education - CAPES/INEP and the South Brazilian Network of researchers in Higher Education- RIES. The research adopted a qualitative perspective with an interpretative structure, using quantitative dates structure and had its central focus in the higher education quality. The study proposed to investigate the Program College to All - PROUNI, while a policy of inclusion in the High Education, in order of inquire whether of presence of this scholarship students in this Program impacts in the education quality in the institutions that host them. The methodological approach has assumed a condition of a case study, focusing a university in southern Brazil. To obtain the data, beside the documentary sources, semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers and IESs managers and applied questionnaires with the benefited students by Prouni. To deepen the concepts of quality in higher education, were made, still, some interviews with the Seville Universitys teachers, at the sandwich stage, with the benefit of scholarship from CNPq. The theoretical reference involved, mainly, contributions of READINGS (2003), NEPHEW (2005), PAIM (1982), MOROSINI (2007), CHAU (2001), CUNHA (2006, 1998), OLIVEN (2007), FREIRE (1980), SZYMANSKI (2002) and SILVEIRA (2002) and others. With the study‟s result was possible to test some indicators of quality in the higher education, but specially, of the graduations teach. The empirical data was organized in five categories, like: Democratization and expansion of access in higher education; Permanence of students at college; Rise in social scale, in view of the familiar students‟ condition; Success in a academic way; Qualification of students in a laboral space; and consolidation of democratic values of equity and solidarity. With de data earned trough the empiric, was possible do some interferences. The wider and general reports that the scholarship students Prouni do not impact negatively in the quality of higher education, in the teachers opinion, managers and students own research participants. Possibly reasons aimed for such result, concern to the conditions of students enrollment, based on merit earned in the National Exam High School (ENEM). This would be guaranteed a meritocratic criterion with is allied to the other, relative to student route prior public school and a family income. There is, including, traces of positive income of the students, justified by the most motivation and interest of this students that, still, would be valuing the opportunity that the program gave them. However, quantitative data show a significant drop which indicates inadequate academic performance as one of the main reason to this phenomenon. This escapees students, even that silently, - since it isnt constituted as a sample in this study-, it is indicating a different condition, that tense the results earned those who remain in the institution with good academic performance. This data is encouraging the necessity to rethink the government politics and institutional, in order to provide greater support to the scholarship students while the formation way a deeper the evasion causes. Still, the data reinforce the importance of affirmative action policies, in order to decrease the differences in educational opportunities that is evident in a unequal societies, as is the case in Brazil.