Impactos ambientais associados ao resíduo areia fenólica usada em uma fundição de pequeno porte

Abstract

The foundry industry uses large amounts of nonrenewable natural resources such as natural sand silica (quartz), generating a considerable amount of solid waste to be disposed. Some of this sand called green sand (AV) is inserted into the production process again after a conventional recovery or sent as raw material for other industries, mainly in construction. Another part called phenolic used foundry sand (AFUF) follows for disposal in licensedlandfills licensed. The AFUF is classified as ABNT NBR 10004:2004 Class I-Hazardous Waste due to the presence of formaldehyde and phenol which confer dangerousness to the residue. Studies examining are as where there was a provision, and this solid waste samples showed that contaminant levels do not exceed the limits required by law, giving rise to a question as to the classification of the waste AFUF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with waste AFUF and see if there was a correlation between the chemical compounds found in AFUF and found in soil, surface water and groundwater in the area where there is the temporary provision of waste. The methodology included the collection of soil samples termed as Chevron and Wall collected at sites that were submitted to the disposal of waste and another called Reference, collected in the region least impacted by human activity, which served as a reference site soil. Samples were collected from water samples upstream, downstream and near the exit of Piper that empties into the strem which runs through the property of the company. Samples were collected from AFUF waste generated in the production process and the artesian water. In the sampled material tests were conducted physical and chemical characterization for environmental residue AFUF. We also assessed the concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde and BFA. The evaluation of the recovery of the area was based on Instruction No. 04/2011 of IBAMA to elaborate PRAD (Projects Recovery of Degraded Areas). Samples of the residue AFUF presented above parameters established by NBR 10006:2004 for fluoride and phenol. Phenol was not found in samples of soil and water. The IQA calculated for water samples determined as Poor the points Amount and Downstream and Too Poor the point Piper. Soil samples showed high contents of Al and Fe solubilized in the soil sample Divisa fluoride was above (3.8 mg/L) of the limit stipulated by the standard is 1.5 mg/L suggesting that this parameter for the residue may be contributing to the increase of this compound in the soil. There was a significant recovery in vegetation cover, taking into account the period of July 2012 to August/2011 This finding suggests that the chosen program of involving more than one technique (containment barrier, planting native seedlings and abandonment of area) is resulting in effective return of native vegetation of degraded areas.