Políticas públicas de incentivo a ciência, a tecnologia, e a inovação : uma proposta de construção de legislação municipal de apoio a ciência, tecnologia e inovação para o Município de Flores da Cunha, RS

Abstract

The influence of innovation, in life in society, is an increasingly perceptible reality. As an example, from the invention of the smartphone, social relations have changed profoundly, changing the speed of information and, consequently, the routine of people. In turn, competitiveness among companies, countries, states and municipalities has been increasing, especially in terms of creating innovative environments or innovation ecosystems. The ability to innovate tends to be a determining factor for the competitiveness of companies and nations in an increasingly globalized world. Innovation, as a central determinant of productivity, plays a key role in expanding growth potential and making the trajectories of increasing income and reducing inequality in a country sustainable. In this step, it is important to understand that the State plays a fundamental role in the development of innovation policies, not only with incentives, but also balancing the ecosystem and avoiding even becoming parasitic, that is, preventing the private sector invest less and less, aiming only for profits and immediate gains. What is sought, in fact, is to create a symbiotic relationship between the public and private sectors. Innovation is, therefore, an important theme in the political agendas of countries, states and municipalities, being in the debates about growth and economic development. Such a phenomenon occurs because mayors, governors, and government officials question how to improve their economic performance and create more jobs. An innovation policy is considered as a new field of economic policy. And a policy of innovation is not only developed by the federal and state governments, because municipalities can also take efforts to increase the competitiveness of the local economy by adopting measures to improve the innovative and knowledge aspects of their economies. It is important to emphasize that the adoption of a public policy can be innocuous when it does not observe policy instruments. In addition to instruments, it is important to adopt a mission-driven policy, for example, that is the one that strategically implements and monitors innovation based on strengths of its system. Thus, systemic policies become fundamental for the development of innovation, interrelating the public and private sectors. Considering the importance of innovation and its regional development, which is based on the development of Municipalities, the present study, through theoretical concepts of the importance of decentralization of innovation at the municipal level, and through the instrument of public policy analysis, has the objective of examining how a municipality can decisively contribute to the development of an innovation, science and technology environment, with a transversal focus on knowledge. Thus, the central problem of research is to respond as a municipality, with entrepreneurial characteristics, but that has a low culture focused on the technological sectors, can stimulate innovation, science and technology, improving its local economy in the future? From the bibliographic review of reports, called "Socioeconomic Profile of Flores da Cunha", it was possible to perceive the importance of the use that the public policies, guided by the mission, can influence in the development of a municipality located in the interior of the state, within the parameter defined search. This evolution of the systems will depend on the interaction between the local economic system and its political and institutional system. Based on the typologies mentioned by Fagerberg, which are actually the taxonomy, proposed by Elder et al., and, through an exploratory research of legislation, it was possible at the end of this work to present a Project of Municipal Legislation to Support Science, Technology and Innovation to the Municipality of Flores da Cunha - RS, which aims to stimulate regional growth for the future, with a focus on knowledge.