Territorialidades chiquitanas em comunidades rurais da Província de Velasco – Bolívia - 1953-2006

Abstract

This thesis examines the process of territorializations performed between 1953-2006, by Chiquitano rural communities related to the former Jesuit Province of Velasco - Department of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Through written, oral and audiovisual sources, as well as manifestations of the tangible and intangible heritage, we observe that these territorializations and ethnic identities associated with it have continuities and ruptures throughout time. In order to understand this process, we analyze the Chiquitano community, understood as the expression of a complex and heterogeneous reality. We realize that this is an ambiguous concept, linking people who keep primary connections, works on the organization of structures, roles, functions and forms of decisions; relates territory and management according to specific customs or traditions; maintains common cultural practices such as to territorialize, celebrate, have fun, establish places of memory, communicate in their own language etc. Then, we’ll show that without communal territories and organization there are no Chiquitano communities in Bolivia. The political organization and power in the communities, in the verticalized ethnic movement or in conjunction with other indigenous peoples, appears as new policy. This newness aroused in the discourse and practice of the dispute of State powers at several levels and the resumption of community justice, according to customs and traditions recognized by law. We highlight achievements and learnings from these Chiquitanos that aim at future strategies in the indigenous communities organizations, with the support of NGOs (Non-governmental organizations), the Catholic Church, universities, companies and the Bolivian State in its several levels and areas.