Desafios na implantação do nível superior da norma de desempenho em edificação residencial em Novo Hamburgo/RS

Abstract

Aiming to improve the building performance, following a worldwide trend, NBR 15.575/2013 has been developed. Known as Performance Standard (PS), it defines minimum, intermediate and higher criteria and performance evaluation methods of residential buildings. In July 2013, compliance with this standard became mandatory in the national territory, according to the Civil Code and Consumer Protection Code (Law number 8.078/90). However, there´s a resistance to its adoption, because depending on the type of building, several changes that depend on everyone involved in the engineering industry are necessary. The objective of this study was to identify the main changes and challenges for the implementation of the higher level of PS in a residential building in the city of Novo Hamburgo/RS, based on a case study carried out in two stages. The first stage consisted of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the PS in relation to the studied building and the second stage consisted of an analysis of the major changes and challenges observed in the implementation of the Standard at the higher level. In the first stage, was demonstrated the distribution of 155 criteria and define the relationships between parts and aspects of the standard that make them more difficult to comply with the standard. The second stage was carried out in two activities. In the first one was analyzed 101 criteria in six aspects which are considered more complex, such as structural performance, fire safety, tightness, thermal performance, acoustic performance and durability and maintainability. It was possible to identify how these criteria relate to the stages of the construction and stakeholders. In relation to the construction steps, the highlights are complementary projects, implementation of lining on the walls, implementation of installations, architectural design and construction of floors. In relation to the staff, the highlights are designers, the technical institution of evaluation and suppliers. Finally, in the second activity, was observed the main changes and challenges in the implementation of the PS. In terms of fire safety, was identified the need to carry out tests of reaction and fire resistance; in tightness, water infiltration tests on facades and humidity fences were performed; in thermal performance, thermal simulation of all building was necessary; in durability and maintainability, was observed the need to detail and specify systems that achieve the project usefulness. The structural performance required changes in the structure, such as new parameters for the coating and type of concrete, full technological control and resistance tests. The acoustic performance motivated the greatest changes in the building, such as the use of acoustic blankets on the floor and building blocks filled with mortar and a large proportion of sand. Was found that, in general, the larger challenges were performing tests, analysis for evaluation of system or edification performance and changes in the systems to comply with the PS.