Religião no brasil. Diálogo entre o moderno e o pós-moderno a partir de estudos do espiritismo kardecista e do neopentecostalismo

Abstract

This thesis presents essentially the search to establish dialogue within the sociology of religion, between the modern and postmodern from the Kardecism studied in France and Brazil and neo-Pentecostalism, represented by the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Thus we have as the first theme the relationship between society and religion, covering the classical authors of sociology and religious phenomena in the light of contemporary classics, aiming to demonstrate the relevance of these authors to understand the interdependent relationship between religion and society and the permanence of their contributions to the analysis of religion in contemporaneity. After, we have the approach of the relationship between religion and typical traits of modernity and post-modernity, seeking to clarify the question: can, we talk in modern and postmodern religion? It’s a question which is important as for as religious phenomena are not refractory to the spirits of the spirit of the season or time, for we work modernity and post-modernity as events that characterize our historicity. It is an analysis of Kardecism, first in France, demonstrating its historical influences that have formed as the driving force of development, success and decline in the context of French society. This is followed by analysis of Kardecism in the context of Brazilian society and the particular features in our reality, that differentiate it from its French headquarters, as Kardecism in Brazil assumes a traditional configuraction more assumptions rooted on of Catholicism. Finally, addresses the thematic Neo-Pentecostalism: between pre-modern, modern and postmodern? The aim is to relate the characteristic features typical of post-modernity and its determinants, represented by the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, because this constitutes the contexts of the Brazilian religious field as a true watershed, the increasing number of its fans and also for its strong expansion in terms of territory, as well as through insertion which is related with the means of mass communication. It has elements which are distinguished from other constant expressions of religiosity in our society, because every feature has a way to profess the Christian faith. It inserts in the context of the market of material and symbolic, a characteristic that should be regarded as primal in terms of a postmodern approach in the context of the universe and religious-symbolic representations. This thesis constitutes an attempt to give a new focus on the relationship between traits typical of modernity and post-modernity, without being imprisoned by a single direction, but shows a different approach from the options present within the Sociology of Religions.