Gestão do clima escolar: a formação de/em uma comunidade de liderança

Abstract

This research investigated potential factors of School Climate Management in the final year of Elementary School (EFII) of Colégio Nossa Senhora Medianeira (CNSM), Curitiba/PR - Brazil. Conditions were identified for the formation of/in a leadership community that involved different subjects of the institution seeking to make feasible a cyclical, systemic and cooperative investigative presence able to perform the School Climate Management in CNSM, in a self-constitutive, self-assessing and continuously problematizing way, mitigating its inherent degeneracy (MORIN, 2011a). A Methodological design was used involving a qualitative approach, with an exploratory-descriptive objective, adopting strategically the action research, based on Michel Thiollent (2011) and Coughlan and Coghlan (2002). The qualitative data generated were treated via discursive textual analysis (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2006). Participants in the process composed three subgroups derived from a large group of influential subjects in the School Climate of the 9th grade of CNSM: 1) 9th grade students and the members of the student body of the institution; 2) educators; 3) coordination team. For all the subgroups, the heterogeneity of the participants was used as criterion, provoking an environment of cooperation, in which the subjects' interdependence generated a commitment to collective and personal success (JOHNSON, JOHNSON, HOLUBEC, 2007). For the first two subgroups, the action-research process occurred through Reflection Groups, and for the third, the monitoring function was transversal and simultaneous to the action of the other subgroups. The Reflection Groups had a cyclical structured process, which involved problematizing the School Climate in the field of research, planning of actions, implementation of planning, (self)evaluation of the process and proposition of a new cycle. The research corroborated a new paradigmatic vision of Educational Management (LÜCK, 2015) in conjunction with the complex thinking (MORIN, 2011a, 2011b; 2015), with the conception of cooperative school (JOHNSON, JOHNSON, 1994; 1995; 1999; 2007), besides theorizing about leadership formation (KOMIVES et al, 2005; CABRAL; SEMINOTTI, 2009). The integrated analysis of the results, derived from the different movements of the action research, pointed out the absence of a culture of systematic problematization of School Climate in CNSM with a tendency to secondary it. It also found a need to consider a re-reading of times and spaces for reflection and collective action, as a way to provide, institutionally, greater fluidity of ideas and adherence of subjects to transformations that really challenge the status quo. Limitations of the research included difficulties in broadening for the whole community the discussion about Climate and the capillarity of participation, due to the multiplicity of institutional guidelines for managers and teachers, as well as a curricular dynamics that demanded the researcher search for interstitial spaces to ensure the implementation of action research design. Possibilities for deepening the research involve: a) research on the loyalty of students and educators of the institution through the development of leadership skills of these subjects; b) proposal of formation of/in student leadership, making it possible a cooperative construction of directives of actions in the different school levels in a spiral manner, with a view to the results of human and academic excellence in CNSM.