Teses e dissertações

Indetectabilidade sem intransmissibilidade: fragmentações do conceito entre a clínica e a vivência

Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Indetectabilidade sem intransmissibilidade: fragmentações do conceito entre a clínica e a vivência Cruz, Jeneson Tavares da This dissertation is the result of a study on the concept Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) in the lives of gay and bisexual men living with HIV (GBMLWH) who have achieved an undetectable viral load, as well as from the perspective of healthcare professionals working in two specialized HIV services located in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and its metropolitan region. The main objective was to investigate the meanings and interpretations attributed to U=U in the lives of GBMLWH, and to understand how this concept has been constructed and communicated within clinical contexts. U=U is a prevention strategy which states that people living with HIV who adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reach an undetectable viral load do not transmit the virus through sexual contact. Brazil is internationally recognized for offering ART free of charge through its public healthcare system called Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) since 1996. In 2019, the country issued an informational note reinforcing the importance of recognizing U=U, affirming that such knowledge contributes positively to the interpersonal relationships of people living with HIV, opens new possibilities for life with the virus, and helps to combat stigma. The field research was qualitative in nature and based on the narratives of 18 participants — 11 GBMLWH and 7 healthcare professionals — which led to the development of two scientific articles. The first article, focused on the narratives of GBMLWH, discusses the meanings and interpretations of U=U in the experiences of those with an undetectable viral load. The study reveals that understanding “undetectability” does not always consistently translate into an understanding of “untransmittability.” In order for the transformative potential of the U=U message to be fully realized in combating HIV-related stigma, the article emphasizes the need for improved communication, even suggesting that the message be reframed as “U=0” to better highlight the notion of zero sexual transmission risk. The second article examines, based on the narratives of both GBMLWH and healthcare professionals, how knowledge about U=U is constructed, interpreted, and negotiated between these two groups. The study reveals a fragmented and frequently misaligned understanding of the concept, highlighting the urgent need for clearer communication and for validating the term "untransmittable" as a strategy to empower patients, promote sexual autonomy, and confront stigma. The findings suggest that although U=U is a prevention strategy capable of improving quality of life and well-being for people living with HIV, its effectiveness is limited by stigma and misinformation. Even in settings where the concept should be more solidified — such as among people with an undetectable viral load and in patient-provider relationships within specialized services — distrust and misalignment with scientific knowledge persist. There is a clear consensus regarding the goal of achieving an undetectable viral load through ART, as this preserves the immune system and prevents progression to aids. However, the second part of the equation — the condition of being untransmittable — remains poorly understood, insufficiently internalized, and ineffectively communicated in clinical environments, as if, in the end, the equation were U≠U.

Uso de cigarro eletrônico e fatores associados entre universitários da área da saúde de uma universidade de goiás: um estudo transversal

Tue, 01 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Uso de cigarro eletrônico e fatores associados entre universitários da área da saúde de uma universidade de goiás: um estudo transversal Andrade, Hélio Pinheiro de This doctoral thesis in Public Health, developed within the Graduate Program in Public Health at the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS – aimed to assess the prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use among university students from an institution in the state of Goiás, Brazil, and to investigate associated factors, including the relationship with the use of psychoactive substances. This was a cross-sectional, university-based study conducted using a self-administered questionnaire between October 2022 and May 2023. The results revealed a high prevalence of EC use in the past 30 days (69.1%), with a higher frequency among males and students aged 22 to 24 years. Factors such as alcohol consumption, illicit drug use (including marijuana), psychotropic medication use, and conventional cigarette smoking were strongly associated with EC use, both lifetime and recent use. Students enrolled in clinical cycle courses also showed a higher prevalence of EC experimentation. Adjusted analyses indicated significant prevalence ratios and odds ratios for these associations, reinforcing the multifactorial nature of this behavior. In conclusion, EC use among university students is part of a broader pattern of polysubstance use, highlighting the need for more effective prevention and control measures by health authorities and higher education institutions.

Risco de quedas e fatores associados em idosos comunitários residentes de São Leopoldo/RS

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Risco de quedas e fatores associados em idosos comunitários residentes de São Leopoldo/RS Silveira, Eduarda Vitória Fadini This master’s dissertation from the Graduate Program in Public Health at UNISINOS aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with fall risk among community-dwelling older adults in São Leopoldo. This is a cross-sectional analytical observational study, with a sample composed of 136 older adults linked to the municipal Health Care Network. Fall risk was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, being classified as moderate/high in 11% of the participants. Bivariate analysis identified significant associations between fall risk and fear of falling, history of falls, reduced handgrip strength, and higher SARC-F scores. In the multivariable logistic regression, poorer performance in the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST) and shorter distance covered in the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) emerged as independent predictors of increased risk. The distinctive feature of this research lies in the unprecedented integration of multiple functional, muscular, and clinical indicators in a Brazilian community-dwelling older population, demonstrating that low-cost, simple, and applicable instruments in the daily routine of Primary Health Care can enable the early identification of older adults in situations of functional vulnerability. The originality of the study resides in translating physical performance measures into objective and feasible screening tools, providing direct support for clinical practice, intervention planning, and the design of public policies. As outcomes, the study highlights the creation of a pioneering epidemiological and functional database in Southern Brazil, the validation of clinical risk predictors, the production of a scientific article under submission to an international journal, and the training of new researchers integrated into collaborative networks. It is concluded that the findings of this dissertation have immediate practical relevance and transformative potential: by proposing accessible predictors, the study not only contributes to science but also offers concrete solutions to reduce fall risk, prevent disabilities, and promote healthy aging, with a positive impact on both the quality of life of the older population and the sustainability of health systems.

Treino parental e sua influência sobre os marcos do desenvolvimento em crianças no transtorno do espectro do autismo atendidas em caps infantil

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Treino parental e sua influência sobre os marcos do desenvolvimento em crianças no transtorno do espectro do autismo atendidas em caps infantil Moura, Conceição de Maria Aguiar Barros This PhD thesis of the Postgraduate Program in Collective Health at UNISINOS aimed to analyze the effectiveness of parental training interventions of basic skills in the developmental milestones of autistic children treated at a children's CAPS. The aim was to verify whether the training carried out with the participants was effective and to analyze the developmental milestones of autistic children aged two to six, using the Operationalized Portage Inventory (IPO), before and after the interventions conducted by the parents. Article 1 presented the methodological aspects of a non-randomized clinical trial on the implementation and adaptation of an intervention protocol mediated by parents of autistic children treated at the CAPSij in a city of Maranhão. Regarding the results, it is noteworthy that the reference protocol is an appropriate instrument to guide health professionals in advising parents of autistic children, as it covers the basic skills to be taught, presented in a simple and illustrative manner and, more importantly, because it indicates the development of the target skills in children with ASD. Article 2 analyzed the effectiveness of parental basic skills training interventions on the developmental milestones of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) treated at a children's CAPS. Two groups were investigated (an intervention group (Group A) and a control group (Group B)), balanced in terms of the child's developmental age, race/color, family income, and the primary caregiver's level of education. The study demonstrated that children in group B presented significant differences in the comparison of scores before the beginning of the study and after the follow-up period only for the language domain (T0 = 1.32 vs. T1 = 1.53; p = 0.036). On the other hand, in group A, all development domains showed significant improvements after follow-up. In summary, the results of this thesis corroborate the effectiveness of parental training in improving the developmental milestones of children with ASD who received educational interventions over six months, demonstrating that this type of intervention can be replicated both within the SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System) and in private services that take care of autistic children. Children in the intervention group experienced significant improvements in socialization, language, cognition, self-care, and motor skills, demonstrating that parent-mediated interventions, even in public settings (SUS), are effective and can contribute to improving the lives of autistic children and their families.

Experiências de sofrimento psíquico na adolescência

Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Experiências de sofrimento psíquico na adolescência Nied, Camila This doctoral thesis, developed within the Graduate Program in Public Health at the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), focused on the experiences of psychological suffering among adolescents. The research aimed to understand how adolescents experience psychological suffering and the meaning of their actions in the life-world, grounded in the sociological phenomenology of Alfred Schutz. The qualitative study was conducted in a public school in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through individual interviews with 20 students aged 16 to 19, carried out in 2023. The analysis interpreted adolescents’ experiences through concepts such as biographical situation, stock of knowledge, motivations, and typifications. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UNISINOS under opinion number 6.186.778. The results unfold into two articles: the first discusses adolescents’ motivations for work — a theme that emerged significantly during interviews and analysis — while the second focuses on experiences of psychological suffering and the meaning of action in the face of such experiences. Findings from the first article revealed that adolescent work, although marked by challenges, is understood by adolescents as a possibility for autonomy, belonging, and social recognition, thus constituting a situated social action shaped by multiple motivations. The second article showed that psychological suffering mainly arises from fragile family and school relationships and is expressed through “unspeakability,” often silenced or trivialized by others. The actions mobilized in response to these experiences ranged from silence and self-injury to seeking support and developing personal ways of resignification. The convergence of the thesis findings demonstrates that adolescence should be understood as an experience situated in the life-world, rather than merely as a normative stage of development, recognizing adolescents as subjects of social action. By problematizing phenomena often treated in normative or pathologizing ways, this thesis contributes to broadening the debate on adolescence and mental health in the field of Public Health, offering insights for future research, public policies, and care practices that value adolescents’ uniqueness, strengthen qualified listening, and expand intersectoral support networks.

Universitários e a relação entre uso de drogas, assertividade, estratégias de coping, impulsividade e suporte social: um estudo misto

Thu, 12 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Universitários e a relação entre uso de drogas, assertividade, estratégias de coping, impulsividade e suporte social: um estudo misto Aguiar, Karoline Giele Martins de Global economic expansion demands increasingly qualified professionals, driving the increase in the number of young people and adults in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), where, in addition to acquiring knowledge and skills and socializing, they may face psychological distress and the risk of drug use. This academic path, although it promotes knowledge, skills and socialization, can also lead to psychological distress and drug use. Assertiveness and coping strategies can facilitate academic adaptation, while their absence tends to induce maladaptive responses, impulsivity and, eventually, drug use, and social support, in this context, can mitigate or exacerbate these difficulties. Understanding the interactions between university students, assertiveness, coping strategies, impulsivity and social support can foster preventive and intervention strategies for promoting mental health. The thesis analyzed the constructs assertiveness, coping strategies, impulsivity and social support based on the network of interactions between these variables and drug use by university students, investigated the predictive factor of the variables in university students who are drug users and non-users, and the understanding of the aforementioned constructs from the context of university students undergoing treatment for chemical dependency. Composed of three studies, the thesis uses a mixed cross-sectional method. Study I analyzes the interaction between the dimensions of the scales: Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), Rathus Assertiveness Scale (RAS), Brief COPE Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and Social Support Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study’s Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS), through Network Analysis (RA) of 505 university students (367 used legal and/or illegal drugs and 138 did not use them). Data collection was carried out online, using Google Forms, and analyses were performed using R software, version 4.4.0. Study II, of an explanatory quantitative nature, used the instruments already mentioned in study I to investigate the predictive factor of assertiveness, coping strategies, impulsivity and social support (independent variables) in 505 university students who are drug users and non-users (dependent variable), with analysis using Poisson Regression. Finally, study III, an exploratory qualitative study, sought to deepen the understanding of the constructs in 07 university students undergoing treatment at CAPS AD III, applying the same, in addition to semi-structured interviews, with analysis supported by Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). The results of the thesis indicate that assertiveness is connected to the dimensions of coping strategies, behavioral disinvestment and self-blame in university students who use drugs. Nonadaptive coping strategies, such as substance use, behavioral disinvestment and selfoccupation, combined with social interaction and motor impulsivity are factors that increase drug use. In college students undergoing treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), shyness and passive and/or aggressive behaviors stand out to deal with intrapersonal and interpersonal difficulties, with drug use increasing feelings of rumination and worsening the condition. It is concluded that the college trajectory involves complex interactions that, associated with individual characteristics, can influence drug use among students. The study suggests intervention proposals addressing the studied variables as a mechanism to promote quality of life and prevent drug use among college students.

Relações entre resiliência e sofrimento mental em acadêmicos da Educação Superior

Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Relações entre resiliência e sofrimento mental em acadêmicos da Educação Superior Delbem, Henrique Yung This thesis investigated the relationships between resilience, mental health, and substance use in higher education students, under the framework of the Multisystemic Model of Resilience (MSMR). The research was structured into three studies that furthered the understanding of this phenomenon. Study 1 consisted of a narrative literature review of the last 25 years, which established the thesis theoretical framework, justified the adoption of the MSMR, and synthesized the state of the art on the subject. The findings indicate that resilience consistently acts as a protective factor against psychological distress. Study 2, a quantitative and crosssectional study, analyzed a sample of 357 university students, mapping the correlations between dimensions of resilience (MSMR-I), indicators of psychological distress (COREOM), substance use (AUDIT), and sociodemographic variables. Sociodemographic and contextual factors were found to be important moderators, with external resilience associated with higher income and White ethnicity, and internal resilience associated with more positive health behaviors. Study 3, a quantitative and longitudinal investigation, followed 169 medical students over two academic semesters, analyzing the temporal evolution of these variables and their interrelationships using network analyses and regression models. The most salient finding from the longitudinal study reveals an incongruity in the adaptive process: although the students' global resilience increased over time, indicators of emotional distress (complaints and symptoms) also significantly worsened. This result suggests that in highstress environments, the development of resilience resources may occur as an adaptive mechanism that does not necessarily translate into subjective well-being, thereby imposing a psychosocial cost. It is concluded that resilience is a dynamic and multisystemic process. Its effective promotion in higher education requires social and institutional interventions focused on creating healthy academic environments and strengthening support systems (external resilience), rather than approaches centered exclusively on the individual.

O papel das crenças na violência conjugal e impactos na saúde mental

Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

O papel das crenças na violência conjugal e impactos na saúde mental Lemos, Dayse Chaves The aim of this dissertation was to analyze the role of beliefs about intimate partner violence in the occurrence of violence and its impacts on mental health. This dissertation is composed of three empirical articles. The first qualitative and exploratory study aimed to investigate beliefs about intimate partner violence through a focus group. The results revealed three central axes of beliefs: 1) the influence of culture, gender, and masculinity on the acceptance of violence; 2) transgenerationality and the naturalization of violence; and 3) justifications for the occurrence of violence. The second quantitative study aimed to identify the level of agreement with these beliefs, compare the perspectives of men and women, and verify which sociodemographic characteristics could predict higher levels of agreement with the beliefs. The results showed low levels of agreement with beliefs legitimizing violence, but men presented higher levels of agreement with these beliefs than women (p<0.05). The third study, of a correlational nature, sought to analyze the level of agreement with the beliefs and verify possible associations with perpetration and victimization in relationships and their impact on mental health. The results showed low levels of agreement with the beliefs, but high rates of violence and an association between the occurrence of intimate partner violence and mental illness. The dissertation findings reveal an initial scenario of transformation in beliefs about violence, which still does not seem to be reflected in changes in violent behavior in intimate relationships

A qualidade da relação líder-membro e a saúde mental de trabalhadores do Rio Grande do Sul

Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT

A qualidade da relação líder-membro e a saúde mental de trabalhadores do Rio Grande do Sul Lanzarin, Bruna Santini Within organizations, workers develop interpersonal relationships, especially the leadermember relationship, in which the leader directs and influences the work of his subordinate. This relationship can affect the worker's mental health, producing positive or negative effects for them. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the association between the quality of the leader-member relationship and the health and mental illness of workers in Rio Grande do Sul. It will be a quantitative study, with a cross-sectional approach and a descriptive correlational design. A sample of 404 workers from the state of Rio Grande do Sul is estimated, led for at least 6 months by the same leader. The following instruments will be used for data collection: 1) Sociodemographic Data Sheet; 2) Multidimensional Leader-Member Exchange; 3) Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and 4) Continuum Mental Health Scale. For data analysis, reliability assessments of the instruments, descriptive analyses, Person or Speman correlations and multiple regression analyzes will be carried out. It is hoped, through this study, to expand knowledge about the leader-member relationship and its effects on workers' mental health, in order to help guide the work of professionals who work in institutional contexts.

Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana da nanoemulsão do óleo essencial das folhas da Cúrcuma Longa L

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana da nanoemulsão do óleo essencial das folhas da Cúrcuma Longa L Kirsten, Camila Nedel

Prática de suplementação de micronutrientes em pacientes com síndrome metabólica e obesidade: análise da ingestão dietética e conduta profissional

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Prática de suplementação de micronutrientes em pacientes com síndrome metabólica e obesidade: análise da ingestão dietética e conduta profissional Soyer, Aline de Brito Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is characterized by a cluster of interrelated risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular events, and mortality. Obesity and T2DM are chronic conditions with high prevalence and significant impact on public health. Despite frequently excessive caloric intake, individuals with these conditions may present deficiencies in essential micronutrients, such as magnesium, zinc, and selenium, which play key roles in metabolic, inflammatory, and antioxidant processes. This study aimed to evaluate micronutrient supplementation practices in patients with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome through the analysis of dietary intake and professional practices. In addition, it discusses the influence of nutritional ecology and the mismatch between modern diets and ancestral human physiology in the rising prevalence of nutritional deficiencies. Among the main methodologies employed, 18 adult patients diagnosed with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome answered the Food Frequency Questionnaire (ELSA-Brazil – reduced version) and another instrument assessing health status. For 17 health professionals (physicians and nutritionists), a structured questionnaire was applied to map clinical practices related to micronutrient screening and supplementation. The main findings revealed dietary intakes below the recommendations for all micronutrients assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and heatmap visualization indicated heterogeneous dietary patterns among participants. Regarding professional practice, there was wide variability in prescription strategies, administration routes, and criteria for evaluating treatment response, with no standardized protocols in place. Taken together, these findings suggest a high risk of subclinical deficiencies and highlight the need for personalized and standardized nutritional strategies, as well as training of health professionals for the appropriate management of these patients.

O cuidado e a saúde revelados pelas lentes de adolescentes: um olhar necessário à Rede de Atenção à Saúde do Município de São Leopoldo/RS

Tue, 30 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT

O cuidado e a saúde revelados pelas lentes de adolescentes: um olhar necessário à Rede de Atenção à Saúde do Município de São Leopoldo/RS Berlitz, Betina

Adaptação e evidências de validade do questionário Children’s Social Behavior Questionnaire - CSBQ

Tue, 29 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Adaptação e evidências de validade do questionário Children’s Social Behavior Questionnaire - CSBQ Ferreira, Luiza Mattos Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, whose core symptoms are characterized by changes in social interactions and communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder, there is still a lack of instruments available in Brazil, particularly for mild cases, implying a delay in diagnosis. The present dissertation has two studies with the objective of adapting and obtaining evidence of validity of the Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) instrument for use in the Brazilian context. In Study I, the process of adapting the instrument is described, with stages of translation, back-translation, assessment of the pertinence and clarity of the items by expert judges and the target audience (family members of children and adolescents). In Study II, two collections were carried out, one through an online survey and the other with 20 relatives of children with a clinical diagnosis of ASD, obtaining evidence of instrument validity data through clinical criteria and convergence with other instruments. The internal consistency of the general scale and the factors assessed by the questionnaire were analyzed. Finally, it is expected that the adapted version and evidence of validity of the Brazilian version of the CSBQ instrument can help identify ASD symptoms in individuals at different levels of the disorder, facilitating access to their treatment.

Determinantes da não retenção de usuários de um serviço de HIV e AIDS do Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo de caso-controle

Fri, 19 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Determinantes da não retenção de usuários de um serviço de HIV e AIDS do Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo de caso-controle Soares, Cassiana Borges OBJECTIVE: To know the determinants of non-retention in health care of people living with HIV and / or AIDS (PLWHA) in a specialized service in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. METHODS: Case-control study among PLWHA over 18 years of age retained and not retained in continued health care, in 2018. A total of 344 medical records, 86 cases and 258 matched controls per year of admission to the clinic were analyzed. Variables with p ≤ 0.20 in the bivaried analysis were taken for multivariate analysis, exposures with p ≤ 0.05 were considered associated with the outcome. Poisson regression was used, according to a hierarchical model of analysis. RESULTS: Being unemployed, having a history of homelessness and being an alcohol user were significantly associated with non-retention. Among the clinical factors, having other diseases remained associated with the outcome as a protective factor. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed the association of nonretention with factors of social vulnerability and explained that social inequalities implied in reducing the maintenance of these individuals in longitudinal care. Therefore, it is essential that the SDH be taken into account when dealing with the HIV epidemic.

Trabalho docente e saúde mental de professores do ensino privado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil: análises a partir da Psicologia Positiva

Mon, 24 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Trabalho docente e saúde mental de professores do ensino privado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil: análises a partir da Psicologia Positiva Santos, Anelise Schaurich dos Private education teachers are a professional category exposed to intense demands, which often are not accompanied by sufficient job resources. This can make educators sick, which helps explain the fact that most studies with this category focus on the negative aspects of teaching work. In order to help overcome the mental illness perspective in this category, this thesis aimed to analyze the influence of personal characteristics, job demands and job resources on the subjective wellbeing of teachers from private educational institutions in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. It is organized in three studies. The first is a qualitative study focused on job resources that contribute to the optimization of teacher wellbeing. The second is a quantitative study that, examining personal characteristics, Job Demands-Resources present in teaching work, verified the profile of educators more and less mentally healthy. The third study, also quantitative, aimed to know the relationships between mental health, Job Demands-Resources, Work Engagement and personal characteristics of teachers. There are indications that main job resource to face difficulties in teaching work is the establishment and maintenance of positive relationships with colleagues, managers and students. It is suggested the development and implementation of interventions for private education teachers from the references of Positive Psychology, in order to strengthen the personal strengths of educators and the healthy aspects of teaching work.

Sensibilidade moral e a formação ética do estudante de medicina

Sun, 06 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Sensibilidade moral e a formação ética do estudante de medicina Abreu, Melissa Carvalho Martins de This thesis, developed in the Postgraduate Program in Public Health at the Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), aimed to investigate the health conditions of university students in the health area at the Mineiros and Trindade campuses of the Centro Universitário Mineiros-UNIFIMES, Goiás, in 2022. All students signed a Free and Informed Consent Form. It is expected that the study will contribute to gathering information about the ethical formation of medical students and the influence of the hidden curriculum on their socialization so that they can avoid these events. Based on this, the thesis presents two articles: (I) Moral Sensitivity and the Ethical Formation of Medical Students, a qualitative study; (II) a cross-sectional study that explores the relationship between moral sensitivity and the hidden curriculum, through the application of statistical tests. The study sample consisted of 128 medical students who were taking the mandatory internship. The first article was a qualitative study, through focus group discussion, aimed at understanding the aspects that influence ethical training during college among medical students in the last two years of the course. In this study, it was observed that teaching was considered theoretical and abstract, not guided by reflection on clinical practice, and the methodologies used were not active. The ethical climate in the practice locations was demonstrated by competition with other professionals, with hostility and conflict. The attitude of the preceptor doctors was one of continuous criticism and devaluation of the students. These situations point to the influence of the hidden curriculum, hindering the formation of moral sensitivity in the ethical training of medical students. The second article, which is part of the umbrella project of the doctoral group, is university-based and whose data collection was through a self-administered, standardized and pre-tested questionnaire. Data collection took place in the classroom and the questionnaire included questions about moral sensitivity and the hidden curriculum. Training was provided to a team to help administer the questionnaire, unfortunately they did not fulfill the commitment. A pilot test was carried out. Afterwards, I applied the questionnaires at the Mineiros Unit, in practically all classes, and another colleague applied them to two classes. A third colleague applied the questionnaires at the Trindade Unit. All data was coded. Data entry was done using EpiData version 3.1 software, in double entry. Afterwards, the typing was compared with original forms in order to eliminate typing errors. Data consistency and analysis were performed using Statano software. In July 2024, we performed a statistical analysis of the data. The results were not satisfactory, that is, p was insignificant. Therefore, we raised the hypothesis of submitting the collection of more data to the ethics committee again. In other words, applying the questionnaire again to current medical internship students and thus adding them to the previous group. The ethics committee approved it and the questionnaires were applied and coded. However, typing was not performed and this information was not entered into the database. To develop this second article, we used a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, with the application of two selfadministered questionnaires: the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Hidden Curriculum Questionnaire (C³), answered by 128 students enrolled in the 9th semester or later. The data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis (mean and standard deviation), internal consistency assessment by Cronbach's alpha and bivariate correlation tests, with the aid of SPSS software. This research did not show significant data. It will be necessary to increase the N in order to achieve significance. Therefore, we decided to conduct a study of the demographic profile of the Moral Sensitivity of Medical Students in internships. We used data from the database to conduct this survey. This study indicated that the demographic profile is predominantly female, white, single, without children and without paid work, and identifies as Catholic. The mean moral sensitivity was 3.581 (SD +/- 0.42) and was correlated with religion (p = 0.0009), with greater sensitivity among non-Catholics, with a mean of 3.76 (SD +/- 0.39). The questionnaire was divided into six dimensions: “Respect for patient autonomy” with a mean of 4.49 (SD +/- 0.5), “Modified autonomy” with a mean of 3.792 (SD +/- 0.82), “Moral conflict” with a mean of 2.896 (SD +/- 0.69), “Professional knowledge” with a mean of 2.810 (SD +/- 0.83), “Moral meaning” with a mean of 3.884 (SD +/- 0.65), “Teamwork” with a mean of 3.618 (SD +/-0.72). The variables that demonstrated an association were students who have children in relation to the “modified autonomy” dimension, and religion in relation to “modified autonomy”, “moral conflict” and “teamwork”. The study concluded that among the six dimensions assessed by the MSQ questionnaire, the one that presented the greatest moral sensitivity was “Respect for Patient Autonomy”, while “Professional Knowledge” obtained the lowest average, which suggests that technical mastery is not yet sufficiently integrated with ethical principles in the training process. Among the sociodemographic variables analyzed, religion was the one that was most associated with moral sensitivity, with an impact on three dimensions of the questionnaire, indicating that personal values interfere in the ethical construction of students. These findings reinforce the need for curricula that articulate technical knowledge and ethical training in an inseparable way, incorporating personal experiences, listening spaces and reflective practices in the clinical environment.

Sono e obesidade em mulheres trabalhadoras no sul do Brasil: comparação temporal entre dois estudos transversais (2017/2022)

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Sono e obesidade em mulheres trabalhadoras no sul do Brasil: comparação temporal entre dois estudos transversais (2017/2022) Silva, Janaína Cristina da Objective: To investigate and compare the association between poor sleep quality and night work, as well as the association between sleep deprivation and obesity in working women, a comparative study between the years 2017 and 2022. Methods: This is a repeated survey comparing two independent samples of working women within the same company group, located in Southern Brazil, with a five-year interval (2017: n = 399; 2022: n = 399). Poor sleep quality was identified using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI > 5), sleep deprivation was determined by usual sleep duration (≤ 5 hours) with or without self-reported use of sleep medications in the past month, while obesity was assessed and defined through the measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). Prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) were obtain using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The mean age of the samples was 35.7 ± 9.1 years in 2017 and 34.2 ± 9.9 years in 2022. The prevalence of poor sleep quality increased (p = 0.007) from 2017 (58.3%, 95% CI: 53.4–63.2%) to 2022 (67.7%, 95% CI: 63.0–72.3%), while the prevalence of sleep deprivation was 27.6% (95% CI: 23.2–32.0) and 24.3% (95% CI: 20.1–28.5), respectively, in 2017 and 2022, with no significant difference between the periods. The prevalence of obesity was 29.0% (95% CI: 24.5–33.5) and 30.6% (95% CI: 26.0–35.1). Night shift workers had a 30% higher likelihood of poor sleep quality in 2017 and a 25% higher likelihood in 2022, compared to day shift workers. Moreover, workers with sleep deprivation had a 70% higher likelihood of being obese compared to those without sleep deprivation. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated a high prevalence of poor sleep quality, sleep deprivation, and obesity in working women. Promoting research on sleep-related factors in the occupational environment, especially among shift-working women, should be consider in the development of strategies for the prevention and control of health issues such as obesity.

Mortalidade em pessoas vivendo com HIV e AIDS no Rio Grande do Sul no período de 2011 a 2021: tendência e causas básicas de morte

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Mortalidade em pessoas vivendo com HIV e AIDS no Rio Grande do Sul no período de 2011 a 2021: tendência e causas básicas de morte Soares, Cassiana Borges

Suporte social e saúde mental em pessoas privadas de liberdade

Thu, 16 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Suporte social e saúde mental em pessoas privadas de liberdade Georg, Pâmela People deprived of liberty face challenging conditions, such as overcrowding and limited access to fundamental rights provided for in criminal legislation, but not always guaranteed by structural barriers and social stigmas. Social support is essential throughout the prison cycle, functioning as a bridge between the prison environment and the outside world, promoting balance and mental health. Family visits stand out as the main support mechanism. The dissertation covers two studies on social support in the prison context. The first, qualitative, interviewed five men deprived of their liberty, exploring their perceptions about the support they received. The categorical analysis identified three main axes — family, friends and significant others — highlighting the role of visits, emotional support and the fear of being forgotten. Exchanging letters also emerged as a form of support in the context of friendships. The second study, quantitative and descriptive, analyzed 64 participants, comparing the levels of mental suffering (depression, stress and anxiety) between those who received visitors and those who did not. The results showed a weak relationship between social support and mental suffering, but revealed that inmates who received visits perceived a greater support network. The findings reinforce the importance of policies that encourage visits and positive contacts, aiming for well-being and social reintegration.

Sintomas emocionais na díade: repercussões nas relações conjugais e coparentais

Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Sintomas emocionais na díade: repercussões nas relações conjugais e coparentais Fidelis, Daiana Quadros This thesis aimed to investigate the relationships between emotional symptoms in the dyad, marital quality, and coparenting in couples from nuclear and remarried families with children aged 6 to 11 years. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional, explanatory study. A total of 174 adults aged between 20 and 51 years (M = 39.1; SD = 5.76) participated, of which 81.5% (n = 141) resided in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used were: a sociodemographic questionnaire, CI-PA, GRIMS, ERC, DASS-21, and R-DAS. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) and was conducted online through an electronic form on the Microsoft Forms platform. The results were organized into three empirical studies: 1. Impact of personal, marital, and coparental characteristics on couples' psychological distress; 2. Relationships between marital quality, dyadic adjustment, and coparenting: a comparative study; 3. The repercussions of mental health on marital and coparental quality in parents with children aged 6 to 11. The findings support the notion that emotional health impacts couples, regardless of family configuration, causing a spillover effect into subsystems. The importance of further studies on the topic and the relevance of the findings for advancing the field of Psychology is emphasized.

Primeiros socorros na escola: proposição de uma Unidade Temática para a Educação Física na 1ª fase do Ensino Fundamental em Trindade-GO

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Primeiros socorros na escola: proposição de uma Unidade Temática para a Educação Física na 1ª fase do Ensino Fundamental em Trindade-GO Andrade, Hederson Pinheiro de The Physical Education curriculum in basic education is recognized as a privileged space to address health-related issues, emphasizing the need to include First Aid content. In light of the frequent accidents in schools and the insufficient knowledge of society in providing initial care, the proposal of a Thematic Unit on First Aid in the school curriculum emerges as an innovative response to meet educational guidelines and promote a positive impact on the lives of students and the community. This study aims to develop a Thematic Unit on First Aid in the Physical Education Curriculum Matrix for students in the first phase of Elementary School in Trindade-GO; to explore the existing content on First Aid in the Physical Education Curriculum Matrix for these students; to identify in the literature the most frequently taught First Aid topics for schoolchildren; and to formally submit the proposal to the Municipal Education Council of Trindade-GO for its official approval and subsequent incorporation into the school curricula. This methodological study was conducted in four stages: the first stage involved documentary research on the Physical Education Curriculum Matrix adopted in the municipality; the second stage comprised a literature review to identify the most frequent First Aid topics for schoolchildren; the third stage focused on developing the Thematic Unit on First Aid in the Physical Education Curriculum Matrix; and the fourth stage involved submission to the Municipal Education Council of Trindade-GO. Consequently, the study resulted in the creation of a Thematic Unit on First Aid in the Physical Education Curriculum Matrix for students in the first phase of Elementary School in Trindade-GO. According to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), this work is classified as Stratum T1 under subtypology (4): Process/technology and non-patentable product/material: Technique development. Incorporating these topics into municipal curriculum guidelines is essential to addressing local demands and contributing to the formation of citizens prepared to intervene in emergency situations.

Validação de mercado através da escuta de profissionais quanto a aplicabilidade do teste não treponêmico para sífilis: rapidisifi

Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Validação de mercado através da escuta de profissionais quanto a aplicabilidade do teste não treponêmico para sífilis: rapidisifi Passos, Bruna Pelegrini dos Abstract: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. Throughout the course of the disease, distinct characteristics alternate between periods of latency and periods of activity based on the observation of signs and symptoms. Many individuals are asymptomatic, which facilitates transmission. The use of rapid tests has been an important strategy for quick and effective diagnosis. Investigating the perspectives of healthcare professionals working in the field is relevant for market prospecting in the development of new technologies. Objective: to validate the market by listening to healthcare professionals and health managers regarding the applicability of rapid non-treponemal syphilis testing in their professional activities and to generate a technical report based on the study. Method: qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study conducted with nursing professionals through individual, semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis method proposed by Bardin. Results: three categories emerged: 1. Relevance of performing rapid tests for clinical decision-making; 2. Current flow in decision-making; 3. Importance of performing non-treponemal rapid tests for syphilis detection. Final considerations: The study may highlight a clear applicability of the product by the interviewed professionals, based on the interview reports.

Transmissão vertical do HIV em um município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS: um estudo de caso-controle

Fri, 26 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Transmissão vertical do HIV em um município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS: um estudo de caso-controle Teloken, Jéssica da Silva This dissertation aims to evaluate the vertical transmission (MT) of HIV and associated factors in exposed children living in the municipality of Viamão, between 2000 and 2023. We chose to carry out this topic due to the lack of studies that describe the situation of HIV MT in the municipality and the importance of this result for the implementation of contextualized measures that assist in the health care of exposed children. A case and control study was developed with data from the population of pregnant women and children exposed to HIV, using the National Disease Notification System (SINAN) database, HIV Pregnant database, with demographic variables of the pregnant woman, detection of infection of HIV, prenatal care and childbirth and information on the pregnant woman's anti-HIV test, use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and childbirth, newborn exams and their evolution, including outcome. Missing information was investigated in the database of exposed children (SINAN Aids in children under 13 years of age) based on the variable mother's name, common to both banks as well as among adults reported as cases of HIV/Aids (SINAN HIV) . Information on CD4 and viral load in the pre-delivery period was obtained from the logistical control system for laboratory tests (SISCEL). Missing data on ART initiation were obtained from the Medication Logistics Control System (SICLOM) and number of prenatal consultations in the Live Birth Control System (SINASC). The cases were all pregnant women with children who acquired HIV infection during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding in the municipality and period studied. Four controls were drawn using random numbers for each period, for each case, matched by year of diagnosis. STATA software was used for statistical analysis. A bivariate analysis was performed with the variables using Pearson's chi-square test and variables with p<0.2 in the bivariate analysis were included in the logistic regression model. In Pearson's chi-square test, the variables that showed statistical significance with HIV VT were use of prophylactic ART (p<0.01) and time of use of prophylactic ART (p<0.001). The results of the logistic regression showed that the duration of ART use during pregnancy remained associated with HIV VT, mainly at the expense of the category that did not use ART, where women who did not use ART are 7 times more likely to have HIV. outcome of TV to HIV in relation to those who used it. The age of the pregnant woman was associated in the model and shows that younger pregnant women are less likely to have the outcome of VT and HIV compared to pregnant women aged 40 or over. It was concluded that HIV VT is more likely to occur in pregnant women who did not adhere to ART during pregnancy, even with adherence to prenatal care, and demonstrates that quality prenatal care, with adequate structure and qualified professionals for the companionship and development of pregnancy is an important factor in changing the scenario found and reducing HIV VT rates.

Ocorrência e fatores associados à hipertensão arterial autorreferida em adultos brasileiros: uma coorte prospectiva

Fri, 27 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Ocorrência e fatores associados à hipertensão arterial autorreferida em adultos brasileiros: uma coorte prospectiva Carvalho, Ana Paula de

Relações entre memória episódica, sintomas depressivos e pensamento negativo repetitivo (PNR) em idosos

Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Relações entre memória episódica, sintomas depressivos e pensamento negativo repetitivo (PNR) em idosos Fraga, Valéria Figueiredo Population aging is an essential theme to explore in current studies, considering the significant changes we are facing in the global population profile. Additionally, depressive disorders are common among the elderly population. The manifestation of depressive symptoms in the elderly is more heterogeneous and less stereotyped than in younger populations, which can make it more challenging to systematize for professionals treating these patients. Nowadays, there is a concern with understanding the transdiagnostic factors associated with depression, and recent investigations suggest that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is among these transdiagnostic factors for depression. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and elderly individuals' performance in episodic memory tests, as well as to evaluate the associations between subjective cognitive complaints, selfreported depressive symptoms, repetitive negative thinking, and effective performance in episodic memory tasks. To achieve the dissertation's objective, two studies were conducted. Both studies are cross-sectional and quantitative. Data collected through standardized instruments were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 25, with the sample consisting of elderly individuals from Rio Grande do Sul. As for each of the studies, in the first study we have the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Free and Cued Selective Test with Immediate Recall, the WAIS-III Scale Digit Test, the Psychological Battery for Attention Assessment and Verbal Fluency Test. The results revealed that depression has a negative, weak to moderate, correlation with free recall from memory, attention and verbal fluency. In the second study, the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall and the Cognitive Function Instrument were used. The results show that Repetitive Negative Thinking has a direct effect on depression, in which turn is associated with an increased perception of cognitive decline. Suggest a possible mechanism by which Repetitive Negative Thinking negatively affect depressive symptoms and increase a perception of cognitive decline.

Função reflexiva e capacidade de mentalização em pais de crianças em cuidados paliativos

Tue, 20 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Função reflexiva e capacidade de mentalização em pais de crianças em cuidados paliativos Paiani, Raquel Lacerda A good mentalization (M) and reflective functioning (RF) can serve as a protective factor in situations of stress and trauma, particularly within the context of palliative care (PC). The objective was to understand the experience of parents of children in palliative care from the perspective of the mentalization approach. This is a qualitative, exploratory, cross-sectional study comprising multiple case studies conducted in a hospital in the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. The participants included 5 fathers, 3 mothers and 2 fathers of children who were being monitored by the PC team. The children were between the ages of 16 days and 7 years. The diagnoses were a genetic anomaly and other oncological diagnoses of a head tumor. The Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Questionnaire, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire and the Life History and Current Relationships Interview were employed for data collection. The findings indicate that parents with good M are more equipped to navigate the emotional complexities associated with their child's diagnosis and treatment. These competencies enable parents to more effectively regulate and interpret their own emotional states, which in turn facilitates more appropriate emotional support for their children.

Síndrome de Burnout e aspectos sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e psicossociais em advogados

Thu, 26 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Síndrome de Burnout e aspectos sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e psicossociais em advogados Vitola, Marília Santos This research aimed to investigate the association between sociodemographic aspects, occupational stressors, psychosocial aspects, work-family interaction and Burnout Syndrome in male and female lawyers, in two studies. The first study evaluated the predictive role of sociodemographic aspects, work characteristics and occupational stressors in the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome. It was observed that 58.3% of the participants are affected by Burnout Syndrome. Linear regression analysis showed models capable of explaining each of the dimensions of Burnout. The dimension “work illusion” showed job satisfaction as its main predictor. Work-family interference proved to be the predictor with the greatest explanatory contribution to the dimension “psychological exhaustion”. In the dimensions “indolence” and “guilt”, the main predictors identified were the stressors “work environment” and “self-responsibility for negative outcomes”, respectively. The second study identified differences between male and female lawyers in the dimensions of Burnout Syndrome, work-family interaction and occupational stressors related to law. The results show that female lawyers have higher scores in the dimensions of work/family conflict and family/work, as well as in occupational stressors related to expressions of violence, such as “bullying/harassment”, “silencing” and “rejection/exclusion”, indicating that law is experienced differently according to the gender of the professional. This dissertation contributes to the advancement of knowledge regarding the risk factors for the development of Burnout Syndrome in lawyers, as well as identifies gender as an element that can qualify the exposure to occupational stressors among women.

Composição físico-química, perfil de ácidos graxos e compostos bioativos de frutos e estabilidade do óleo de noz-pecã do sul do Brasil

Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Composição físico-química, perfil de ácidos graxos e compostos bioativos de frutos e estabilidade do óleo de noz-pecã do sul do Brasil Silva, Tamires de Oliveira Duarte da Pecan is an oilseed known for its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E. In Brazil, the cultivation and processing of this species stands out in Rio Grande do Sul, highlighting the need to improve knowledge about its composition. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile and bioactive compounds of different pecan cultivars, in addition to analyzing the extraction of oil by cold pressing and its oxidative stability with and without the addition of antioxidants. Fruit samples from seven cultivars were collected and subjected to analyses of color, centesimal composition, acidity, peroxide value, specific extraction coefficient, as well as the composition of fatty acids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds. The results highlighted the Elliot cultivar for its high lipid content of 74.66%. On the other hand, the Shawnee cultivar was more susceptible to oxidation, presenting high acidity and peroxide values. Elliot also stood out for its highest gammatocopherol content, while the Success cultivar had the highest delta-tocopherol content. The Shawnee, Elliot and Mohawk cultivars exhibited the highest amounts of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Despite variations in the fatty acid profile among the cultivars, unsaturated fatty acids predominated, suggesting better nutritional quality, although with a higher oxidation potential. Oil samples were obtained from a blend of pecan nuts by cold pressing and stored with and without tocopherol. Physicochemical analyses over eight months revealed a predominance of oleic and linoleic fatty acids. These results provide important support for establishing quality standards and improving production processes in the Brazilian agroindustry of this promising product.

Resíduos de agrotóxicos em produtos de origem vegetal in natura comercializados em supermercados de Santa Catarina: um estudo acerca do Programa de Rastreabilidade e Monitoramento de Alimentos – RAMA (2018-2023)

Wed, 24 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Resíduos de agrotóxicos em produtos de origem vegetal in natura comercializados em supermercados de Santa Catarina: um estudo acerca do Programa de Rastreabilidade e Monitoramento de Alimentos – RAMA (2018-2023) Teodoro, Gledciani Alves The monitoring of pesticide residues in fresh plant products intended for human consumption is regulated by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), through Joint Normative Instruction INC 02/2018, which determines the procedures for applying traceability throughout the production chain, in order to guarantee better management and quality of processes and products. The Traceability System for plant products must ensure that food production is completely safe for consumption and easily checked by consumers or inspection bodies. Within a supply chain structure, the supermarket is of fundamental importance in the service and product it offers to the end consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the history of pesticide residue results from the RAMA Program sold in supermarkets in Santa Catarina between January 2018 and December 2023. The study covered 25 supermarket chains. The information collected corresponded to 53 types of FLV. Up to 419 active pesticide ingredients were identified, 92 of which were distinct in a total of 3,538 samples, with around 30% being unsatisfactory. The results were classified into 5 categories: (1) Prohibited, (2) Unauthorized (NA) and Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) - Application of unauthorized active ingredient and error in handling authorized pesticides, (3) Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) - Substance with a value higher than the maximum residue limit (4) NA - Unauthorized and (5) No Occurrences. Of the total of 3,538 laboratory reports, an average of 13% of the plant products evaluated had some kind of irregularity, with 4% exceeding the maximum residue limit and 9% using active ingredients not authorized for the crop. These results highlight the ongoing need for rigorous monitoring and control over the use of pesticides in order to guarantee the quality and safety of the food consumed. Through the traceability coordinated by the RAMA Program, retailers are able to provide consumers with the best in horticultural products.

Desenvolvimento de instrumento para passagem de plantão de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica

Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Desenvolvimento de instrumento para passagem de plantão de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica Silva, Raelque Sousa e The shift handover must contain all the essential information for continued care. Failures in this process may harm patient safety, leading to inadequate and potentially dangerous treatment. In that regard, this work aims to develop an instrument to assist the nursing shift handover in a pediatric ICU of a hospital in a city in the state of Maranhão. This is a study with a methodological approach, developed in three stages: a) integrative literature review; b) qualitative research (interview with the nursing team); and c) preparation of the product. In the first stage, a research was carried out based on the literature, in order to provide a basis for theoretical content and understanding about the topic. The following databases were consulted: Nursing Database (BDENF), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). The following descriptors were used for the research: shift handover and intensive care in pediatric ICU; nursing and shift handover; shift handover and intensive care. The inclusion criteria were: articles in Portuguese and English, a research with a qualitative or quantitative focus of primary studies, and systematic reviews available in their full versions and published between 2018 and 2023. In the second stage, field research was carried out, qualitative and exploratory in nature, with a descriptive approach, and interviews were conducted with pediatric ICU nurses. In the third stage, an instrument was developed to assist in the shift handover, based on the findings of the literature review and information collected from the interviews which took place in the second stage. The research project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Its approval was under the Opinion n° 6,432,741. The study made it possible to develop an instrument that qualifies and helps standardize shift handovers. It is expected that this instrument can qualify the shift handover process and promote patient safety.

Guia para atendimento de enfermagem às vítimas de acidentes ofídicos no contexto hospitalar

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Guia para atendimento de enfermagem às vítimas de acidentes ofídicos no contexto hospitalar Cunha, Naylanny Gonçalves Torres Introduction: snakebites, also known as snakebite, are triggered by snakes that, when biting a victim, inoculate toxins that can cause local and/or systemic changes. These accidents, in Brazil, constitute a public health problem, given the frequency in which they occur, especially in rural areas, and the severity they can produce. Therefore, it is important that nursing professionals are prepared to deal with these situations. Objective: to develop a guide for nursing care for victims of snakebites in the hospital context. Method: methodological study carried out in two stages: 1st) bibliographic study; seeking to support the definition of content to be covered in the nursing guide; 2nd) preparation of the nursing guide. Results: in the bibliographic study, the following were selected for analysis: one book, two guides and six articles. Three chapters were extracted from the guides, originating from the Ministry of Health and the Health Department of the State of Ceará. The selected articles were published in Brazil, in the Virtual Health Library Portal (VHL) and Researchgate Portal databases. Content analysis was used to generate the categories: nursing care for victims of snakebites; care in administering serotherapy to victims of snakebites; flowchart of care for victims of snakebites. These three categories supported the content of the guide, which was composed of twenty-five pages and divided into seven chapters. Conclusion: the guide, as a product generated in this study, according to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), considering the Technical and Technological production of the Nursing Area, is classified as a Manual or Protocol, has a potential impact, as it may contribute to supporting the standardization of the organization of care and nursing care for victims of snakebites in the hospital context. Furthermore, it can be replicated in other institutions in the region under study, helping to improve care.

Guia de ações de controle da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde de um município do Médio Mearim - Maranhão

Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Guia de ações de controle da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde de um município do Médio Mearim - Maranhão Santos, Michael Jakson Silva dos Tuberculosis is a global health problem that inspires searches for effective control strategies, given the devastating power it has on society. It is estimated that more than 10 million people fall ill each year, with more than one million deaths worldwide, being the main cause of death among people with HIV. Objective: to develop an action guide for tuberculosis control, for a municipality in the middle Mearim region, aimed at Primary Health Care professionals. Method: a methodological study was carried out in four stages: 1st) documentary study; 2nd) quantitative study – epidemiological data; 3rd) descriptive study – description of the health network, and 4th) preparation of a guide for action guidelines for tuberculosis control, for a municipality in the middle Mearim region, aimed at Primary Health Care professionals. Documentary research was carried out in the five Brazilian regions, North, Northeast, Central-West, South and Southeast, identifying the two capitals in each region of the country with the highest incidence of tuberculosis, using keywords in the search on the websites of the capitals, in order to find guides, manuals and documents related to tuberculosis. The descriptive study was to characterize the local health network. In the quantitative research, indicators related to tuberculosis in the municipality under study were collected. Results: of the ten capitals researched, documents of interest to the research were found on four websites, São Paulo-SP, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Florianópolis-SC and Porto Alegre-RS. The websites of the Ministry of Health, Notifiable Diseases Information System – Tuberculosis (SINAN/TB), Mortality Information System (SIM), allowed an epidemiological survey of tuberculosis indicators until the year 2022. The Municipal Health Plan, of the municipality under study provided a description of the health network, these results supported the preparation of the Guide. Discussion: the analysis of the capitals' websites revealed that, although visually attractive, many of them do not provide efficient navigation and availability of necessary information. In the epidemiological indicators, it was found that, although the incidence of the disease in the municipality under study is almost double that of the national and state levels, the operational indicators for treatment, cure, directly observed treatment, abandonment, contacts examined, present satisfactory results, very close than recommended. The coverage of the Primary Care Network in the municipality under study reaches close to 95%. It was also found that 96.6% of tuberculosis control actions in Brazil are carried out by nurses. Final considerations: the present study had important implications related to health policies, where evidence was identified that the analysis of indicators, knowledge of the Health Care Network and the existence of documents, collaborate with the preparation of guides, and that nursing has a role essential in the control of tuberculosis. The limitations of the research, including the scarcity of documents on the websites of the capitals researched and outdated information, required additional searches to be carried out on other websites and platforms. However, this limitation did not prevent the execution of the central objective of this work, the development of the product, the guide for tuberculosis control actions in primary health care in Bacabal, which subsidizes tuberculosis control actions, when stated objectively. and aligned with the reality of local Primary Health Care.

Fluxo para encaminhamento inter-hospitalar da gestante na rede de atenção à saúde

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Fluxo para encaminhamento inter-hospitalar da gestante na rede de atenção à saúde Gomes, Jakson Ricardo Reigo Introduction: Brazil faces challenges in ensuring quality care for pregnant women and fetuses, and therefore in guaranteeing a healthy delivery and postpartum period. The structuring of healthcare services for maternal and neonatal care remains precarious in small cities, necessitating the implementation of an effective maternal transport system that is well-coordinated across care points. For this reason, it is necessary to create a flow of care, with criteria subsidized by protocols, to guide the referral of obstetric patients, guaranteeing continuity and quality in the care provided. Objective: To develop a flow for the inter-hospital referral of obstetric patients treated in the Health Care Network (RAS) of Santa Inês Regional Office, in the Vale do Pindaré region of Maranhão. Method: This methodological study was conducted in three stages: (1) a documentary study to analyze current Brazilian legislation, guidelines, and care protocols, seeking recommendations to support the development of the flow for obstetric patient referrals; (2) a descriptive study aimed at mapping and describing the RAS services in Santa Inês region that attend obstetric patients, assessing their installed capacity, and identifying available and necessary human resources to ensure appropriate obstetric referrals in the regional health system; 3) construction of the inter-hospital Referral Flow for Obstetric Patients, taking into account the results of the previous stages. Results: Results: It was mapped and described the services and human resources that care for pregnant women in Santa Inês-MA region, highlighting that there are 13 municipalities and that none of them has the appropriate structure for caring for pregnant women. The 13 municipalities have 14 hospitals, two of which are state-run and 12 municipal, most equipped for low-risk care, with only one hospital handling high-risk pregnancies. In terms of professionals, there are 929, the majority of whom are generalist nurses (596). An analysis was made of the active regulations in Brazil in relation to the flow of inter-hospital care, evaluating care for pregnant women, structure and human resources for inter-hospital obstetric referral and risk classification. After these analysis, it is presented: the Description of the factors and criteria for scoring the Pregnant Woman's Risk Classification; the Flow for inter-hospital obstetric referral in Santa Inês Regional Health Care Network, in the Vale do Pindaré region of Maranhão; and the Form for inter-hospital obstetric referral in this RAS. Conclusion: By adopting this referral flow, healthcare institutions can standardize the inter-hospital referral process, ensuring that pregnant women are directed to the most appropriate service according to their risk classification. This contributes to more efficient resource management and improved healthcare system organization, promoting continuous and quality care for all pregnant women.

Construção de fluxograma para gerenciamento de descarte de explantes ortopédicos em um hospital macrorregional no Nordeste do Brasil

Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Construção de fluxograma para gerenciamento de descarte de explantes ortopédicos em um hospital macrorregional no Nordeste do Brasil Lima, Francisca Pollyanna Sousa Santos Metallic explants resulting from orthopedic surgical therapeutic are classified as Solid Healthcare Waste (SHW). Due to their potential for contamination, they require management for disposal, with a view to controlling and reducing risks to public health, environmental health and worker health. General objective: To build and to validate orthopedic explant disposal management flowchart. Method: methodological study with a qualitative approach, developed with Nurses and Nursing Technicians who work in the Surgical Center and Material and Sterilization Center of a Macroregional Hospital in Maranhão state. Study consisting of four stages: First Stage: carrying out a documentary search on current SHW regulations. Second Stage: holding a focus group to identify and to describe how orthopedic explant waste is segregated in the hospital unit; present the concepts of RDC 15/2012 to support the orthopedic explants management. The meetings with the focus groups were recorded and later transcribed, whose data were analyzed from the perspective proposed by Minayo. Third Stage: development of a flowchart on the orthopedic explants management, following the RDC 15/2012 guidelines and the results obtained from the focus group meetings. Fourth Stage: validation of the flowchart on orthopedic explant management with experts. A Likert scale and the snowball technique were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos under number 6.234.830. Results: The flowchart, validated by judges/experts in this field, obtained a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 96.22%. This research had as results: a) flowchart for orthopedic explants disposal´s managing; b) explant processing and removal form; c) awareness, responsibility and request for orthopedic explant term. Final Considerations: the development of the flowchart for orthopedic explants disposal´s managing was important in order to review and adapt routines regarding the correct waste disposal. It has an environmental impact, as the correct management of SHW contributes to the professional’s health and the environment conservation. The originated product is classified according to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) as Stratum T1, in sub typology (3): Experimental technological protocol/Application or adaptation of technology.

Proposta de implantação de escala de MEWS para identificação de sepse emergência pelo atendimento pré-hospitalar

Thu, 13 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Proposta de implantação de escala de MEWS para identificação de sepse emergência pelo atendimento pré-hospitalar Pellicioli, Fernanda Travi

A percepção de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde sobre o risco no uso de medicamentos para segurança do paciente com doença crônica não transmissível

Fri, 08 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT

A percepção de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde sobre o risco no uso de medicamentos para segurança do paciente com doença crônica não transmissível Martins, Evânia Lopes The article aimed to understand the perception of primary care professionals regarding the risk of medication use for patient safety with Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (NCDs). It is a qualitative research with an exploratory design and a critical hermeneutic approach, conducted in 2023 in Sapucaia do Sul/RS municipality. Data collection was done through discussion of focus groups in five primary care units. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis and interpreted from a dialectical hermeneutic perspective. The results portrayed three thematic units: "Prescription Errors," "Administration Errors," and "Strategies to minimize medication errors for patient safety." Professionals highlighted issues such as readability errors, duplicate prescriptions, and lack of understanding in the correct use of medications. On the other hand, practices such as professional qualification, qualified listening, and the use of integrated electronic medical records were identified as necessary to reduce medication errors, aiming to promote rational drug use and ensure patient safety with NCDs in primary care. It is concluded that these findings have the potential to stimulate future reflections and the development of new studies, contributing to the visibility of the issue and strengthening strategies aimed at reducing medication errors and improving primary care assistance.

Cartilha para familiares e cuidadores de idosos sobre prevenção e manejo do Delirium

Wed, 10 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Cartilha para familiares e cuidadores de idosos sobre prevenção e manejo do Delirium Neris, Jessika Cefrin Dantas Introduction: Delirium is a neurobehavioral disorder that commonly occurs in the elderly population, also called “acute confusional state”. It is characterized by acute episodes of impairment of memory, orientation, thinking, communication, sleep-wake dysfunction and variations between states of destruction and lethargy (hypoactive) and hallucinations or hallucinations (hyperactive), its duration is days or hours and includes floating course. Objective: to develop an educational booklet as an information resource for family members and caregivers of elderly people on the prevention and management of Delirium. Method: methodological study carried out in two stages: 1) Narrative review on the prevention of Delirium in the elderly, modifications to support the content of the Booklet; 2) Construction of the Educational Booklet based on the synthesis of knowledge generated in the narrative review. The product generated is classified as “Teaching material” according to the CAPES Classification in the area of nursing. Results: Five international guidelines were selected and categorized, generating content for the booklet, which was composed of twenty-nine pages and divided into eight chapters. Conclusion: consider that the booklet could contribute to subsidizing health education actions to promote the prevention and management of Delirium, becoming a vehicle of information for family members and caregivers of elderly people on the topic.

Desenvolvimento de cartilha com orientações sobre os cuidados com a pele de pessoas com radiodermite

Wed, 01 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Desenvolvimento de cartilha com orientações sobre os cuidados com a pele de pessoas com radiodermite Scienza, Ana Paula Machado INTRODUCTION: radiodermatitis is a skin lesion resulting from radiotherapy, caused by the action of ionizing radiation on tissues, characterized as a side effect of cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES: to develop and validate a booklet with guidance on skin care for people with radiodermatitis. METHOD: methodological study, developed in three stages: 1) narrative review of the literature on skin care for people with radiodermatitis, aiming to support the development of the booklet content; 2) development of the booklet; 3) validation of the booklet with expert judges. In Stage 1, for the narrative review, the descriptors used: Radiodermatitis AND Guidelines. The searches were carried out on the Virtual Health Library portal, on Business Source Complete, on National Library of Medicine and on Google Scholar, without language limitations. In Stage 2, the construction of the content was supported by the results of the narrative review. In Stage 3, the booklet was validated by expert judges, all of whom were healthcare professionals: a dermatologist and stomal therapist nurses who worked in direct care for patients with radiodermatitis. The recruitment of participants took place using the snowball technique. An online form was used to collect data. Analysis using the Content Validity Index. RESULTS: Stage 1, six studies were analyzed and the categories emerging from the narrative literature review were: skin hygiene in the area receiving treatment; prevention against skin trauma; skin care in day-to-day radiotherapy treatment; and topical treatment. Stage 2 consisted of the development of the booklet, which consisted of 6 chapters in 39 pages. Pastel tones were used for the drawings and graphic art, seeking to give patients peace of mind. Stage 3 consisted of 14 expert judges in the health field, most of them nurses. The Content Validation Index was used to evaluate the educational technology developed. The booklet obtained an overall and satisfactory index of 96.5%. Domain 1 (objectives) obtained a score of 94.68%; domain 2 (structure), 98%; and domain 3 (relevance), 97.1%. CONCLUSION: finally, it is understood that the educational technology developed will contribute to empowering the self-care of patients and their caregivers. In addition to this, it also presents itself as an innovation in pharmaceutical assistance, opening new horizons and possibilities, adding technical knowledge, scientific basis and care provided both to the individual needs of people undergoing cancer treatment and in the area of radiotherapy.

Saúde mental: experiências de estudantes universitários na graduação em psicologia

Wed, 27 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Saúde mental: experiências de estudantes universitários na graduação em psicologia Silva, Kaell Judá Sesterheim da It is known that the experience during the undergraduate journey results in various changes in individuals' lives, ranging from academic aspects to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the experiences of psychology students during their undergraduate studies and how these experiences relate to mental health. This study adopts a qualitative, cross-sectional, exploratory approach using the Multiple Case Study method. Three psychology students, positioned between the seventh and eighth semesters of their course, with an average age of 24 years, were interviewed in person. The research instruments comprised: 1) Sociodemographic Data Sheet, 2) Interactive Narrative, and 3) Supplementary Interview. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results indicate that multiple tasks, overload, (self)medication, high performance and demands, interpersonal relationships, support networks, social support, and satisfaction with the choice of course were the most commonly recounted experiences. Revealed a posteriori three categories: 1) 'From choice to sustaining the choice'; 2) 'The psychology course and psychic implications'; 3) 'Teaching hinders learning'. It is concluded that experiences during the undergraduate psychology course are diverse, impacting mental health by fostering protective factors while potentially exacerbating aspects of psychological distress.

Narrativas (auto)biográficas de mulheres negras doutoras: estilhaçando a máscara e escancarando o racismo, o sexismo e a branquitude na saúde coletiva

Fri, 12 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Narrativas (auto)biográficas de mulheres negras doutoras: estilhaçando a máscara e escancarando o racismo, o sexismo e a branquitude na saúde coletiva Ferreira, Rose Mari Black women demarcate writing as a political act. Narratives make it possible to understand the experiences of black women who intersect the personal and the social, producing knowledge that goes beyond the rigid, closed and quantifiable lines of modern science. Racism is a structural system that constitutes social relations in this country, underpinning inequalities based on race or ethnicity. The general aim of this research is to analyze the trajectories of black women doctors, considering their positions in the academic and scientific space of public health. The research has a qualitative design, at an exploratory level, and was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The instruments used to produce the data were a sociodemographic identification questionnaire, biographical narrative interviews and notes in a field notebook. Hermeneutics was used to interpret the data, in the light of Conceição Evaristo's concept of writing. Three black women were interviewed, two self-declared black and one brown, between August and October 2023. The interviews took place in locations chosen by the research participants, two coffee shops/bookstores, located in a neighborhood in the city of Porto Alegre/RS and one interview via Google meet. The narratives were recorded and after recording, they were transcribed into a Word file. The three women built their academic careers in health courses, with doctorates and/or post-doctorates in Public Health. They are currently lecturers at higher education institutions, work in social movements, in black collectives and carry out other activities in addition to teaching. The dense narratives, full of striking situations, revealed episodes of racism in their academic careers. From their formative years to postgraduate studies, the interviewees were victims of racism, which was presented in different ways during their academic career, a characteristic of "Brazilian racism". As teachers, they were mistaken for the staff responsible for cleaning the building and sometimes for undergraduate students. The professors reported that, because of their choices regarding the theoretical framework adopted in their research, their academic productions were called into question. Although they have been victims of sexism and racism during their careers, they have not given up and have continued to open doors for other black people. They produce knowledge, demarcating their academic positions and occupying positions as project coordinators. The fight against racism must be extended to all social demands and academia is no different. There is an urgent need to implement affirmative action in all postgraduate programs and to comply with the law on reserving places for black people in higher education competitions.