Nos motores do capitalismo de plataforma o microtrabalho como mecanismo de geração de renda ou a máscara da exploração da força de trabalho

Abstract

From the First Industrial Revolution to the last, called the fourth of revolutions, the labor market began to be structured in a more organized, integrated and versatile way, thus bringing in the context of a mild and indefinite control, which adapts to the pattern of sharing and that drives the contemporary economy, the so-called gig economy or "shared economy". The reference to safe and regular work, full time, with an employment relationship and through a formal contract, is no longer the source of income for many. The new proletariat is related to crowdworking platforms, where crowdwork – a way of outsourcing fragmented work to a large number of people, on a global level – appears, being a crucial element in the development, production and support of artificial intelligence. Platforms such as Amazon MTurk, Clickworker, Microworker, among others, offer microtasks, which are examples of new forms of automated workforce management and control, enabling, in turn, the creation of flexible, unbound workforces, defining the worker as self-employed. It is under these conditions that a hidden infrastructure emerges, facilitating the relationship between service providers and users, who, in turn, benefit from less protective legislation for the self-employed and take advantage of the freedom to define prices and working conditions. Thus, with precariousness, informalization and the observation of changes in work patterns, informal work is being instituted, in gaps left by formal work. From a traditional employment perspective, the identification of subordinate work is a definitive element for the incidence of Labor Law, with the others being excluded from the protective legal basis. Informality is found not only in the numerical proportion of millions of workers, as well as in the evidence of new ways of economic organization, supported by digital technology. Therefore, the new work pattern should not just be ignored or labeled, it is essential to recognize its existence and importance, realizing the new formats it takes in the face of technological changes, and, in this way, show legal and ethical support for the new national reorganization and international labor markets that it makes possible.