Clusters de startups no Brasil: uma análise multicasos a partir da visão baseada em recursos

Abstract

This study aims to understand the critical resources for the development and competitiveness of startup clusters in Brazil. In the literature review, it was identified that the Resource Based View and Relational View theoretical concepts could help the understanding of the startup clusters development. So, it was identified in the literature thirteen resources on the subject, being eight tangible resources and five intangible. According to the theoretical evidence, this study presents a multi-case analysis, based on the startup clusters of Belo Horizonte and Porto Alegre, in order to analyze the presence and the development of resources in each case. The empirical research was conducted through 42 in-depth interviews with each cluster agents: entrepreneurs, investors, public agency leaders, universities, technology and science parks, accelerators, incubators, companies, institutions and entities. The survey results led to the construction of a conceptual - analytical framework, which presents the main resources for the development of a startup cluster and the relationship among them. Thus, the evidence showed that some resources serve as conditions for the development of others, such as the geographical location, the structural conditions (for instance, regulatory environment, transportation and communication infrastructure, economic policies, among others), the socio-cultural values set and the degree of freedom and quality of life. Besides that, there is the presence and the role of entrepreneurs as key agents and catalysts of change and innovation process. The resources related to venture capital, intellectual capital, educational system, and access to consumer markets were considered key for providing the main needs of entrepreneurs. Therefore, it was analyzed the features that act as support for the cluster, such as technology and science parks , incubators, accelerators , companies ,level of cultural diversity and government programs. Finally, there is the need for collaborative relationships between all actors in the development of the resources of a startup cluster.