Gênero nas políticas climáticas: as contribuições das NDCs para equidade de gênero na América do Sul

Abstract

Although climate change affects everyone, its impacts are not felt equally, as women are more exposed and vulnerable to these changes. The NDCs are an important tool for advancing the UNFCCC and align the efforts of parties to plan and maintain the goals they intend to achieve. The inclusion of gender in NDCs is key to holding countries accountable in translating their ambitions to gender equity and to ensuring that the progress already made is respected. The present work aimed to analyze the NDCs presented by South American countries, seeking to understand whether these documents recognize and/or have integrated gender equity in their proposals and aimed to identify whether these proposals take into account the intersectionality characteristic of Latin American decolonial feminism. The Decolonial Feminist Theory, centers its theory on debates concerning gender, race, and class identity, taking into consideration how society in the Global South has been constructed. In addition, The International Relations Feminist Theory was used as justification for the research, as the paper understands the need for more research focused on gender and the importance of women in decision-making positions. The methodology was adopted in a qualitative way based on an exploratory study with documentary and bibliographic research. In this work, reports, portfolios and discussions of the UNFCCC, COP21, in particular the Paris Agreement and the NDCs of the analyzed countries were used as sources. In addition, analyses of scholars in the area of climate change, climate justice, and gender equity were consulted for the development of the paper. Finally, this work analyzed the NDCs of the 12 South American countries, for a matter of time, and it was concluded as positive the issue of the gender approach, with only 1 country not mentioning gender and/or women. When analyzing the intersectional application, most did not apply the approach, and when they did, only gender and class were considered, not taking into account race as a gender inequality and in the application of the policies developed.