A imaginação subversiva ao redor do mundo: imagens, poesias e contos de protesto na imprensa anarquista e anticlerical (Espanha, Argentina e Brasil, 1897-1936)

Abstract

The present dissertation aims to unveil a part of the subversive imaginary disclosed by certain publications of the anarchist and anticlerical press in Spain, Argentina, and Brazil, between the years of 1897 and 1936, encompassing fourteen different publications. Hence, this study also partakes in the presuppositions of the so-called transnational history and demonstrates, in its exposition, that the publications of this alternative press, despite significant geographical distances and the difficulties arising from their maintenance, were in constant contact with one another, establishing solidarity bonds, enabling a broad circulation of cultural artifacts and, consequently, the constitution of a particular and combative imaginary. An imaginary that is forged and revealed here through the observation of the central elements of protest art: poems, images, and short stories. By uncovering such imaginary one is also trying to reestablish the path taken by certain images, their circulation routes and their appropriation, permanence, and alterations in the aforementioned press. With these goals in mind, the dissertation will focus on the analysis of two main themes to create and support this imagetic repertoire: the anti-clericalism and the events that took place on May 1st, a date that became the most important calendar day for workers and allowed for the establishment of their own symbolic universe. One can observe in each of the themes the prevalence of certain image-ideas and their constant repetition, permanence, and relative modification, essential hallmarks of any imaginary, whether it be subversive or hegemonic in society, as well as a complementarity element that exists between the textual and the visual content of said imaginary, since both discursive dimensions mutually reinforce and reaffirm each other.